L’objectif de ce cours est de laisser les étudiants découvrir les notions de base des Équations Intégrales qui jouent un rôle important dans la bonne compréhension des caractéristiques et des
structures du problème de la mécanique et de la physique mathématique
The objective of this course is to learn methods for developing (developing arguments and mastering a bibliography), writing, and supporting a master 2 memory.
Fuzzy set theory, deals with vagueness and partial membership. Fuzzy topological spaces bridge these two concepts, allowing us to study topological properties in settings where boundaries aren't always crisp. This course will delve into the fascinating world of fuzzy topological spaces. We'll begin by establishing the fundamentals of fuzzy sets and traditional topology. Then, we'll formally define fuzzy topological spaces and explore their properties. Moreover, this cours includes basic concepts of fuzzy metric spaces, in particular, standard fuzzy metric space as a good approach of fuzzy metric spaces.To that end, and as an application, we present neutrosophic topological space as one of the most important generalized fuzzy topological spaces.